高海拔先进二级增压系统研究现状及展望

马家明; 朱闽; 周广猛; 董素荣; 赵旭敏; 彭琪凯; 张众杰

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.09.017

PDF(372 KB)

装备环境工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (9) : 161-169. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.09.017

重大工程装备

高海拔先进二级增压系统研究现状及展望

马家明¹, 朱闽¹, 周广猛², 董素荣², 赵旭敏², 彭琪凯², 张众杰^2,*

作者信息 +

Research Status and Development Trend of Advanced Two-stage Turbocharging System at High Altitude

MA Jiaming¹, ZHU Min¹, ZHOU Guangmeng², DONG Surong², ZHAO Xumin², PENG Qikai², ZHANG Zhongjie^2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

总结了高原柴油机先进增压系统的研究现状,分别综述了高原环境下可变截面增压、机械-涡轮增压、电辅助-涡轮增压、并联式顺序增压、普通涡轮二级增压、单VGT二级可调增压、双VGT二级可调增压研究现状。最后分析比较了不同增压系统优缺点,提出了未来高原车用增压系统的发展趋势。

Abstract

The research status of advanced turbocharging systems of diesel engines used in regions was summarized. Variable geometry turbocharging (VGT), mechanical-turbine turbocharging, electrical-assisted turbocharging, parallel sequential turbocharging, conventional turbocharging, single VGT two-stage adjustable turbocharging and double VGT two-stage adjustable turbocharging were reviewed respectively. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different turbocharging systems were analyzed and compared, and the development trend of future plateau vehicle turbocharging system was put forward.

导出引用

马家明, 朱闽, 周广猛, 董素荣, 赵旭敏, 彭琪凯, 张众杰. 高海拔先进二级增压系统研究现状及展望[J]. 装备环境工程. 2025, 22(9): 161-169 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.09.017

MA Jiaming, ZHU Min, ZHOU Guangmeng, DONG Surong, ZHAO Xumin, PENG Qikai, ZHANG Zhongjie. Research Status and Development Trend of Advanced Two-stage Turbocharging System at High Altitude[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2025, 22(9): 161-169 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2025.09.017

中图分类号： TJ07 TK421+.8

参考文献

[1] 刘瑞林. 柴油机高原环境适应性研究[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2013.
LIU R L.Research on Plateau Environmental Adaptability of Diesel Engines[M]. Beijing: Beijing Insititute of Technology Press, 2013.
[2] 刘海军, 侯献军. 进/排气边界对高原柴油机缸内制动的数值模拟[J]. 内燃机学报, 2021, 39(5): 409-416.
LIU H J, HOU X J.Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Intake and Exhaust Boundary on the In-Cylinder Braking of a Plateau Diesel Engine[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2021, 39(5): 409-416.
[3] 万明定. 高原环境下车用柴油机性能及瞬态特性研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2023.
WAN M D.Study on Performance and Transient Characteristics of Vehicle Diesel Engine in Plateau Environment[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2023.
[4] 卢康博, 任正敏, 杨凯, 等. 喷油策略对柴油机高原起动过程性能影响研究[J]. 内燃机工程, 2023, 44(5): 1-7.
LU K B, REN Z M, YANG K, et al.Influences of Fuel Injection Strategies on the Starting Performance of a Diesel Engine at High Altitudes[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2023, 44(5): 1-7.
[5] LIU J L, WANG B S, MENG Z W, et al.An Examination of Performance Deterioration Indicators of Diesel Engines on the Plateau[J]. Energy, 2023, 262: 125587.
[6] MENG Z W, LIU Z T, LIU J L.Investigation of In-Cylinder Combustion Deterioration of Diesel Engines in Plateau Regions[J]. Fuel, 2022, 324: 124824.
[7] QI Z Y, GU M, CAO J G, et al.The Effects of Varying Altitudes on the Rates of Emissions from Diesel and Gasoline Vehicles Using a Portable Emission Measurement System[J]. Atmosphere, 2023, 14(12): 1739.
[8] 高荣刚. 高原环境下大功率柴油机燃烧性能分析及功率恢复研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2012.
GAO R G.Study on Combustion Performance Analysis and Power Recovery of High Power Diesel Engine in Plateau Environment[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2012.
[9] ZHANG H L, ZHUGE W L, ZHANG Y J, et al.Study of the Control Strategy of the Plateau Self-Adapted Turbocharging System for Diesel Engine[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2008.
[10] 靳嵘, 张俊跃, 胡力峰, 等. 高原自适应柴油机涡轮增压技术研究[J]. 内燃机工程, 2011, 32(4): 27-31.
JIN R, ZHANG J Y, HU L F, et al.Study on Varying Altitude Self-Adaptive Turbocharging System for Diesel Engine[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2011, 32(4): 27-31.
[11] 姚春德, 韩伟强, 武炎, 等. 单向阀对双增压气路中气体流向影响的分析与研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2012, 48(6): 124-129.
YAO C D, HAN W Q, WU Y, et al.Research and Analysis on the Air Flow Direction Affected by Check Valve in Pressurization Gas Path of Two Electric Superchargers[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 48(6): 124-129.
[12] GALINDO J, LUJÁN J M, CLIMENT H, et al. Turbocharging System Design of a Sequentially Turbocharged Diesel Engine by Means of a Wave Action Model[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2007.
[13] 钱跃华, 崔毅, 邓康耀, 等. 不同进气条件相继增压控制策略的仿真研究[J]. 内燃机工程, 2011, 32(4): 32-38.
QIAN Y H, CUI Y, DENG K Y, et al.Simulation Research on Control Strategy of Sequential Turbocharging System in Different Intake Conditions[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2011, 32(4): 32-38.
[14] 施新, 李文祥. 匹配二级顺序增压系统的柴油机高原特性仿真[J]. 兵工学报, 2011, 32(4): 397-402.
SHI X, LI W X.Simulation on Plateau Performance of Diesel Engine Matched with Two-Stage Sequential Turbocharging System[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(4): 397-402.
[15] 刘系暠, 魏名山, 马朝臣, 等. 不同海拔下单级和二级增压柴油机的仿真[J]. 内燃机学报, 2010, 28(5): 447-452.
LIU X H, WEI M S, MA C C, et al.Simulation on One-Stage and Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engines at Different Altitudes[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2010, 28(5): 447-452.
[16] 李华雷, 石磊, 邓康耀, 等. D6114柴油机高海拔功率恢复计算研究[J]. 车用发动机, 2013(4): 30-35.
LI H L, SHI L, DENG K Y, et al.Calculation of High Altitude Power Recovery for D6114 Diesel Engine[J]. Vehicle Engine, 2013(4): 30-35.
[17] 刘莹, 葛炜, 张继忠, 等. 兼顾平原与高原性能的二级增压系统性能试验研究[J]. 内燃机工程, 2017, 38(2): 123-127.
LIU Y, GE W, ZHANG J Z, et al.Experimental Research on Performance of Two-Stage Turbocharging System at both Plain and Plateau[J]. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2017, 38(2): 123-127.
[18] 狄磊. 高原环境下柴油机两级增压系统优化及性能提升研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2017.
DI L.Study on Optimization and Performance Improvement of Two-Stage Turbocharging System of Diesel Engine in Plateau Environment[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2017.
[19] 林春城. 共轨柴油机二级可调增压系统高海拔标定研究[D]. 天津: 军事交通学院, 2015.
LIN C C.High-Altitude Calibration Research of Two-Stage Adjustable Turbocharging System for Common Rail Diesel Engine[D]. Tianjin: Military Transportation University, 2015.
[20] 张众杰. 二级可调增压系统设计及其与共轨柴油机高海拔匹配仿真研究[D]. 天津: 军事交通学院, 2013.
ZHANG Z J.Design of Two-stage Adjustable Turbocharging System and Its High-altitude Matching Simulation with Common Rail Diesel Engine [D]. Tianjin: Military Transportation University, 2013.
[21] AN B, SHIBATA N, SUZUKI H, et al.Development of Two-Stage Electric Turbocharging System for Automobiles[J]. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, 2015, 52(1): 642-653.
[22] 朱振夏. 增压柴油机高原环境下的供油与进气调节研究[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2015.
ZHU Z X.Study on fuel supply and intake regulation of supercharged diesel engine in plateau environment[D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015.
[23] 王天翔, 崔涛, 张付军, 等. 基于MPC的电动复合增压柴油机进气压力控制[J]. 兵工学报, 2024, 45(10): 3642-3653.
WANG T X, CUI T, ZHANG F J, et al.MPC-Based Intake Pressure Control of Electric Compound Supercharged Diesel Engine[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2024, 45(10): 3642-3653.
[24] 陈龙, 张颖超, 潘小兵, 等. 电动复合增压对柴油机高海拔性能的影响[J]. 陆军工程大学学报, 2023, 2(2): 39-45.
CHEN L, ZHANG Y C, PAN X B, et al.Effects of Electric Combined Supercharging on High-Altitude Performance of Diesel Engine[J]. Journal of Army Engineering University of PLA, 2023, 2(2): 39-45.
[25] 杨攀涛, 崔涛, 赵彦凯, 等. 电动增压器对柴油发动机低速稳态性能的影响[J]. 兵工学报, 2021, 42(9): 1829-1837.
YANG P T, CUI T, ZHAO Y K, et al.The Influence of Electric Supercharger on Steady State Performance of Engine at Low Speed[J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2021, 42(9): 1829-1837.
[26] 何冠璋. 柴油机串联发电复合涡轮全历程能流回路能效优化策略研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2017.
HE G Z.Study on Energy Efficiency Optimization Strategy of Full-Course Energy Flow Circuit of diesel Series Power Generation Compound Turbine[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2017.
[27] SHEN K, XU Z S, ZHU Z P, et al.Combined Effects of Electric Supercharger and LP-EGR on Performance of Turbocharged Engine[J]. Energy, 2022, 244: 123176.
[28] BAEK S, LEE H, LEE K.Fuel Efficiency and Exhaust Characteristics of Turbocharged Diesel Engine Equipped with an Electric Supercharger[J]. Energy, 2021, 214: 119049.
[29] PLIANOS A, STOBART R.Modeling and Control of Diesel Engines Equipped with a Two-Stage Turbo-System[C]//SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2008.
[30] LANGEN P, HALL W, NEFISCHER P, et al.The New Two-Stage Turbocharged Six-Cylinder Diesel Engine of the BMW 740D[J]. ATZautotechnology, 2010, 10(2): 44-51.
[31] CANOVA M, CHIARA F, RIZZONI G, et al.Design and Validation of a Control-Oriented Model of a Diesel Engine with Two-Stage Turbocharger[J]. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 2(2): 387-397.
[32] CANOVA M, CHIARA F, RIZZONI G, et al.Model-Based Characterization and Analysis of Diesel Engines with Two-Stage Turbochargers[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2010.
[33] STEINPARZER F.The BMW Six-Cylinder Engine with Two-Stage Turbo Charging[J]. AutoTechnology, 2007, 7(3): 44-47.
[34] KANG J, LEE B, JUNG D.Evaluating the Effect of Two-Stage Turbocharger Configurations on the Perceived Vehicle Acceleration Using Numerical Simulation[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2016.
[35] LEE B, FILIPI Z, ASSANIS D N, et al.Simulation-Based Assessment of Various Dual-Stage Boosting Systems in Terms of Performance and Fuel Economy Improvements[J]. SAE International Journal of Engines, 2(1): 1335-1346.
[36] STÜRZEBECHER C, REß J, BOHN C, et al. A Diesel Engine Model Including Exhaust Flap, Intake Throttle, LP-EGR and VGT. Part II: Identification and Validation[J]. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2015, 48(15): 60-65.
[37] F.Eichler, J.Kahrstedt, E.Pott, 等. Volkswagen公司商用车用欧6发动机[J]. 国外内燃机, 2015(6): 17-21.
EICHLER F, KAHRSTEDT J, POTT E, et al.Euro 6 Engine for Commercial Vehicles of Volkswagen Company[J]. Foreign Internal Combustion Engine, 2015(6): 17-21.
[38] F Eichler, J.Kahrstedt, M.Khne, 等. Volkswagen公司新型4缸两级涡轮增压直喷式柴油机[J]. 国外内燃机, 2015(4): 19-23.
EICHLER F, KAHRSTEDT J, HNE M K, et al.A New 4-Cylinder Two-Stage Turbocharged Direct Injection Diesel Engine from Volkswagen Company[J]. Foreign Internal Combustion Engine, 2015(4): 19-23.
[39] BUCHWALD R, LAUTRICH G, MAIWALD O, et al.Boost and EGR System for the Highly Premixed Diesel Combustion[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2006.
[40] WINKLER N, ÅNGSTRÖM H E. Simulations and Measurements of a Two-Stage Turbocharged Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Including EGR in Transient Operation[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2008.
[41] AVOLA C, COPELAND C, DUDA T, et al.Review of Turbocharger Mapping and 1D Modelling Inaccuracies with Specific Focus on Two-Stag Systems[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2015.
[42] WU B Y, PU Y Z, YU X Y, et al.Experimental Study on the Effects of HP and LP EGR on Thermal Efficiency and Emissions of a Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2014, 57(2): 379-389.
[43] 橋本宗昌, 小林雅行, 村山哲也, 等. 以同时降低燃油耗和排放为目的的两级增压系统研究[J]. 国外内燃机, 2014(3): 32-37.
HASHIMOTO M, KOBAYASHI M, MURAYAMA T, et al.Research on Two-Stage Supercharging System for Reducing Fuel Consumption and Emissions at the Same Time[J]. Foreign Internal Combustion Engine, 2014(3): 32-37.
[44] ZHAO R C, ZHUGE W L, ZHANG Y J, et al.Study of Two-Stage Turbine Characteristic and Its Influence on Turbo-Compound Engine Performance[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 95: 414-423.
[45] DICKINSON P B, GLOVER K, COLLINGS N, et al.Transient Evaluation of Two-Stage Turbocharger Configurations Using Model Predictive Control[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2015.
[46] 刘瑞林, 董素荣, 刘刚, 等. 高原功率恢复二级可调增压装置: CN102840025A[P].2012-12-26.
LIU R L, DONG S R, LIU G. Two-Stage Adjustable Turbocharging Device for Plateau Power Recovery: CN102840025A[P].2012-12-26.
[47] 董素荣, 刘卓学, 熊春友, 等. 二级可调增压共轨柴油机的高海拔燃烧特性[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2017, 23(1): 36-40.
DONG S R, LIU Z X, XIONG C Y, et al.High Altitude Combustion Characteristics of Common Rail Diesel Engine with Two-Stage Regulated Turbocharging System[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2017, 23(1): 36-40.
[48] 刘瑞林, 林春城, 董素荣, 等. 柴油机二级可调增压系统高海拔标定试验[J]. 内燃机学报, 2016, 34(6): 543-548.
LIU R L, LIN C C, DONG S R, et al.High-Altitude Calibration for the Regulated Two-Stage Turbocharging System of Diesel Engine[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2016, 34(6): 543-548.
[49] MOGAVERO A, LOSANO F, MEANO C M, et al. Internal Combustion Engine Having a Two Stage Turbocharger: GB201420183D0[P], 2014-12-31.
[50] DRANGEL H, TURCATO R F. Two-Stage Turbocharger System: US 20150082789A1[P].2015-03-26.
[51] SONG K, UPADHYAY D, XIE H.An Assessment of the Impacts of Low-Pressure Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Air Path of a Diesel Engine Equipped with Electrically Assisted Turbochargers[J]. International Journal of Engine Research, 2021, 22(1): 3-21.
[52] ZHAO Y Y, LIU G B, LI L S, et al.Expansion Devices for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Using in Low Temperature Heat Recovery: A Review[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 199: 111944.
[53] XU B, RATHOD D, YEBI A, et al.A Comprehensive Review of Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery Systems in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Applications[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 107: 145-170.
[54] VAUPEL Y, HUSTER W R, MHAMDI A, et al.Optimal Operating Policies for Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery under Transient Conditions[J]. Energy, 2021, 224: 120126.
[55] XU B, RATHOD D, YEBI A, et al.A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Evaporator Models for Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery Systems[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 165: 114576.
[56] FERNÁNDEZ-YÁÑEZ P, ROMERO V, ARMAS O, et al. Thermal Management of Thermoelectric Generators for Waste Energy Recovery[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 196: 117291.
[57] EZZITOUNI S, FERNÁNDEZ-YÁÑEZ P, SÁNCHEZ L, et al. Global Energy Balance in a Diesel Engine with a Thermoelectric Generator[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 269: 115139.
[58] EZZITOUNI S, FERNÁNDEZ-YÁÑEZ P, SÁNCHEZ RODRÍGUEZ L, et al. Electrical Modelling and Mismatch Effects of Thermoelectric Modules on Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator for Energy Recovery in Diesel Exhaust Systems[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(11): 3189.
[59] LUO D, WANG R C, YAN Y Y, et al.Transient Numerical Modelling of a Thermoelectric Generator System Used for Automotive Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery[J]. Applied Energy, 2021, 297: 117151.
[60] LIU Z T, LIU J L.Effect of Altitude Conditions on Combustion and Performance of a Turbocharged Direct-Injection Diesel Engine[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2022, 236(4): 582-593.
[61] FANG J Y, JI C J, LI C Y, et al.Using Tip Gaps on Tandem Diffuser to Broaden the Operation Range of a Centrifugal Compressor[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2021, 30(3): 999-1009.
[62] NGUYEN D K, VAN CRAEYNEST T, PILLU T, et al.Downsizing Potential of Methanol Fueled DISI Engine with Variable Valve Timing and Boost Control[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2018.
[63] TIAN W, DU D F, LI J T, et al.Establishment of a Two-Stage Turbocharging System Model and Analysis on Influence Rules of Key Parameters[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(8): 1953.
[64] KONUR O, COLPAN C O, SAATCIOGLU O Y.A Comprehensive Review on Organic Rankine Cycle Systems Used as Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for Marine Applications[J]. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022, 44(2): 4083-4122.
[65] WANG X, SUN B G, LUO Q H.Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Turbocharged Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(11): 5551-5563.
[66] SCHMITT F.Powerful Turbocharging System for Passenger Car Diesel Engines[J]. MTZ Worldwide, 2014, 75(3): 12-19.
[67] F.Steinparzer, P.Nefischer, D.Hiemesch, 等. BMW公司采用创新增压方案的6缸轿车柴油机[J]. 国外内燃机, 2017(6): 36-40.
STEINPARZER F, NEFISCHER P, HIEMESCH D, et al.BMW's 6-Cylinder Car Diesel Engine with Innovative Supercharging Scheme[J]. Foreign Internal Combustion Engine, 2017(6): 36-40.
[68] STEINPARZER F, NEFISCHER P, HIEMESCH D, et al.The New BMW Six-Cylinder Top Engine with Innovative Turbocharging Concept[J]. MTZ Worldwide, 2016, 77(10): 38-45.
[69] 董沛, 郭小川, 李刚林, 等. 高原环境对车辆动力与油品的影响[J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2016, 37(1): 92-96.
DONG P, GUO X C, LI G L, et al.Influence of Plateau Environment on the Vehicle Power and Oil[J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2016, 37(1): 92-96.
[70] MATTARELLI E.Comparison among Different 2-Stage Supercharging Systems for HSDI Diesel Engines[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. [s. l.]: SAE International, 2009.
[71] BILLER B D, WETZEL P, CHANDRAS P, et al.Vehicle Level Parameter Sensitivity Studies for a 1.5L Diesel Engine Powered Passenger Car with Various Boosting Systems[J]. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 8(2): 441-453.